Ikhava yesilinda sasolwandle, obeye aziwe njengo ikhanda lesilinda, iyingxenye ebalulekile yenjini yasolwandle, isebenza njengebhokisi elivikelayo elivale ingxenye engaphezulu yesilinda, lapho inqubo yokuvutha kwenzeka khona.
Njengoba kunezinketho eziningi zekhava ezitholakala emakethe yasolwandle, ukukhetha ikhava yesilinda esifanele kungaba inselele. Njengomphakeli wezingxenye zasolwandle onedumela elihle, sinikeza indlela ebanzi yokukusiza uzulazule kulesi sinqumo ngempumelelo.
Okokuqala-Nquma Uhlobo Lwenjini Yasolwandle
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinjini zasolwandle: izinjini zikadizili nezinjini zikaphethiloli. I i-marine cylinder head ukwakheka nokusebenza kuyahluka phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinjini.
Ukuze izinjini zikadizili, inhloko yesilinda sasolwandle iklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuphatha izilinganiso zokucindezela okuphezulu namazinga okushisa ahlobene nokusha kukadizili. Ihlanganisa izici ezinjengamakamelo amakhulu avuthayo, ukwakhiwa okuqinile, nezihlalo zamavalvu aqinile ukuze zimelane nezingcindezi eziphezulu namazinga okushisa akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha kukadizili. Amakhanda amasilinda enjini ye-diesel ahlanganisa nezinhlinzeko zezijojo zikaphethiloli, eziletha uphethiloli emagumbini omlilo. Ukwengeza, bangase babe namapulaki akhanyayo noma ezinye izinto zokushisisa ukuze zisize ekuqaliseni okubandayo.
Izinjini zikaphethiloli zidinga amakhanda amasilinda angamukela izidingo zokushiswa kwenhlansi. Idizayini yekhanda le-cylinder yasolwandle yezinjini zikaphethiloli ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amakamelo amancane avuthayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvutha okuphumelelayo kwengxube yamafutha omoya. Zihlanganisa nokuhlinzekelwa kwama-spark plug, aletha inhlansi kagesi edingekayo ukuze kuthungele ingxube yesibaseli somoya. Idizayini yamakhanda esilinda enjini kaphethiloli igxile ekwandiseni ukugeleza komoya kanye ne-atomization kaphethiloli ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvutha kanye nokusebenza kukonke.
Qinisekisa Okwesibili Impahla Yekhava Yesilinda Sasolwandle
Impahla yekhava yesilinda sasolwandle ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwenjini esetshenziswayo.Nayi eminye imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yokukhethwa kokubalulekile ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zezinjini ezivamile:
I-Cast Iron Cylinder Head
Amakhanda e-Cast iron cylinder avamise ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili ezisindayo ngenxa yamandla azo amahle kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa, nokuqina. Angakwazi ukumelana nezilinganiso zokucindezela okuphezulu nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa ngokuvamile okutholakala ezinjinini zikadizili.
Ikhanda le-Aluminium Cylinder
Amakhanda e-aluminium cylinder avame ukusetshenziswa ezinjini zikaphethiloli nasezinjinini zedizili ezingasindi. I-Aluminium inikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kwamandla nesisindo, iyenze ifanele izinjini lapho ukuncipha kwesisindo kufiswa khona ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza.
Ikhanda leSilinda Lensimbi
Amakhanda esilinda ensimbi asetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili ezisindayo ezidinga amandla akhethekile nokumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
I-alloy Cylinder Head
Amakhanda e-alloy cylinder, ngokuvamile enziwe ngama-alloys e-aluminium, asetshenziswa ezinjini ezahlukene zikaphethiloli nezincane zikadizili. Ama-alloys ahlinzeka ngenhlanganisela yamandla, ukumelana nokushisa, nezakhiwo ezingasindi.
Okwesithathu Cabangela Izimo Zokusebenza
Uma kucutshungulwa izimo zokusebenza zokukhetha ikhava yesilinda sasolwandle, izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izimo zemvelo, ukudlidliza, ukushaqeka, nokufinyeleleka kokulungisa kufanele kuhlolwe. Isembozo kufanele senziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi zokucindezela. Kufanele futhi ibe nezindawo ezimelana nokugqwala ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Ukwengeza, ikhava kufanele yakhelwe ukuphatha ukudlidliza nokushaqeka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuqotho bayo. Ukufinyelela okulula kokulungisa kungenza kube lula ukuhlolwa nokulungisa.
Ekugcineni-Khetha Ibhrendi Oyifunayo
Esigabeni sokugcina sokukhetha ikhava yesilinda sasolwandle, unezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ongakhetha kuzo, okuhlanganisa i-Wartsila, i-Sulzer, i-Mitsubishi, nezinye. Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza izici ezihlukile nezimfanelo.
The Wärtsilä cylinder ikhanda isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zikadizili. I-Wärtsilä igxile ekwenziweni kwezinjini ezinkulu zikadizili ezisetshenziswa olwandle namandla okuphehla amandla. Idizayini yayo yegumbi elivuthayo enembile yenza ukuxubana kwe-fuel-air ngendlela ephumelelayo, okuholela ekushiseni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi.
The Ikhanda le-cylinder ye-sulzer yakhelwe izinjini zikadizili. Ikhava yesilinda senjini ye-Sulzer iyisixazululo esiklanywe ngobunyoninco esiklanyelwe ukuqhutshwa ukonga kwamathangi nezithwali zenqwaba ngesisindo esingama-20,000 kuya ku-300,000 tdw (amathani ayisisindo). Ubukhulu bayo obuhlangene bunikeza izinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa, ukwenza inqubo yokufaka ibe lula futhi ivumele umklamo wegumbi lenjini ovumelana nezimo okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo.
The Ikhanda lesilinda lenjini ye-Man B&W yakhiwe ngokucophelela ngokunaka okukhulu ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okukhethekile nokuqina. Lawa makhanda angamasilinda akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu, okuhlanganisa insimbi ekhonjiwe, i-aluminium alloy, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka amandla aphelele, ukumelana nokushisa, nokumelana nokugqwala, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulisa isikhathi eside nokuthembeka kwamakhanda angama-cylinder. Le ndlela yokucophelela ekukhetheni izinto ezibonakalayo iqinisekisa ukuthi amasilinda e-Man B&W angakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zokusebenza kwenjini futhi ilethe ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi sayo sokusebenza.
I-Mitsubishi inikeza uchungechunge oluhlukile lwezinjini, njenge-UEC, UET, ne-LU, ngayinye enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Uchungechunge lwe-UEC Amakhanda e-Mitsubishi cylinder zenzelwe ukuqina nokusebenza kahle ezinjinini zasolwandle ezinkulu, ezinesivinini esiphansi ezisetshenziswa emikhunjini ethwala impahla kanye nasemathangini. Amakhava amasilinda e-UET athuthukiselwe ukusebenza kahle komlilo okuthuthukisiwe, ukuphuma kwamandla, nokulawulwa kokukhipha intuthu ezinjinini ezinesivinini esimaphakathi ezisetshenziswa ezikebheni ezidonsayo, ezikebheni zokusebenza, nasekuphehleni ugesi. Uchungechunge lwe-LU lufaka izembozo zesilinda ezingasindi eziklanywe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe zezinjini zasolwandle ezinesivinini esikhulu.
Amakhanda amasilinda e-Yanmar ezisetshenziswa olwandle ziklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo ezinzima, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka emanzini anosawoti, umswakama ophezulu, nokudlidliza okuqhubekayo. Akhiwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala, avala ngokuphumelelayo igumbi elivuthayo futhi ahlanganisa amasistimu okupholisa athuthukile ukuze alawule ukushisa.
Amakhanda e-Daihatsu cylinder atholakala ngokucaciswa nokucushwa okuhlukahlukene, ofanelana namamodeli enjini ahlukene. Izinto ezinjengokususwa kwenjini, ukubala kwesilinda, ukuphuma kwamandla, nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kuthonya ukwakheka kwazo.
I-GDF (I-Guangzhou Diesel Engine Factory) igxile ekwenzeni izinjini zikadizili ezinamandla amakhulu anesivinini esimaphakathi, izinjini zegesi, namasethi aphehlayo. Yabo Ikhanda lesilinda le-GDF yakhelwe ngokukhethekile izicelo zasolwandle, ikhombisa ubunjiniyela obucophelelayo kanye nokubambelela kumazinga ekhwalithi. Ngamandla abanzi asuka ku-660 kW kuya ku-4400 kW, i-GDF inikeza ukusebenza kwenjini okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle, okwenza ikhanda lesilinda lawo libe yisinqumo esithembekile ekusebenzeni kwasolwandle.
